偽造數據或缺乏適當的資料處理程序，如故意提供錯誤的參考文獻。

1. Knowingly misrepresenting the truth or concealing a material (or relevant) fact to induce someone to make a decision to his or her detriment. Some forms of research misconduct may also qualify as fraud. A person who commits fraud may face civil or criminal legal liability.

2. An intentional deception perpetrated to secure an unfair gain.

尹玫君（2019）。探究我國大學生對學校學術誠信政策、網路抄襲行為和抄襲偵測系統的瞭解和看法〔科技部補助專題研究計畫成果報告〕。https://srda.sinica.edu.tw/srda_freedownload.php?recid=3003&fileid=17787

1. Resnik D. B. (2015). Glossary  of Commonly Used Terms in Research Ethics. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/bioethics/glossary/index.cfm

2. European Network for Academic Integrity (ENAI). (2018). Glossary for Academic  Integrity: Revised version [PDF]. ENAI. https://www.academicintegrity.eu/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/EN-Glossary_revised_final_24.02.23.pdf

• 原則上「單字中英文釋義」欄位的內容皆採用原文引用（即未經改寫），僅少部分內容有經微幅文字編輯。若欲對釋義內容有更深入的瞭解，敬請參考「資料來源」欄位所提供之原始出處的完整內容。
• 資料來源無編號：代表釋義內容出自同一筆來源。
• 資料來源有項目符號：代表釋義內容是引用多筆來源合寫而成。
• 資料來源有編號：代表該來源是相同編號之釋義內容的原始出處。