「重複申請、發表或出版」是指將同一份研究資料、學術著作、研究計劃書或研究概念等,重複用於申請不同的補助,或重複出版及發表在不同的刊物或研討會上。
Duplicate publication, or duplicate posting, are a practice of submitting (posting) and publishing identical information that has already been published elsewhere. This is problematic because studies with similar conclusions may mislead the public or policy makers into wrong direction.
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