使用非動物模型,如:微生物或細胞組織技術,電腦模擬或是在較低等的物種上進行生物實驗。
在合理的狀況下應儘量避免使用活體動物進行實驗,以避免造成實驗動物身心靈的負擔。
Replacement refers to methods that avoid using animals. The term includes absolute replacements (i.e., replacing animals with inanimate systems such as computer programs) as well as relative replacements (i.e., replacing animals such as vertebrates with animals that are lower on the phylogenetic scale).
台灣聯合大學系統信義榮譽講座編輯小組(譯)(2009)。研究倫理教學手冊(原作者:N. H. Steneck)。台灣聯合大學系統。(原著出版年:2007)
戴正德,李明濱,陳彥元,陳祖裕,秦咸靜,陳肇文,黃燦龍,韓志平,呂克桓,陳恆德,游彥城,許重義(2012)。人體研究倫理的理念與實踐。教育部。
National Research Council (US) Committee for the Update of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. (2011). Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. 8th edition. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US)
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