指研究者或作者能超越既有知識與既成成果,提出具獨特性與創新性的觀點、方法或成果。它不僅包含對疑難問題展現新穎見解的能力,也要求避免僅以整理、增刪、組合或編排他人著作為成果。
1. Work that is independent and that is not derived from anything else. (ENAI)
2. Using a new approach, method, or data, studying a new topic and doing research in an under-studied area, as well as producing new theories and findings. (Guetzkow et al.)
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