在未經許可的情況下與其他人合作，或是合作的方式已經明顯超過可被允許的範圍。

1. Undisclosed collaboration of two or more people on an assignment or task, which is supposed to be completed individually. (ENAI)

2. Collusion involves engaging in illegitimate cooperation with one or more other students in the completion of assessable work. Cooperation is not legitimate (or appropriate) if it unfairly advantages a student or group of students over others.

魏彗娟、周倩、潘璿安（2023，8月）。認識學術誠信〔線上課程〕。教育部臺灣學術倫理教育資源中心。https://ethics.moe.edu.tw

1. European Network for Academic Integrity. (n.d.). Glossary for academic integrity. European Network for Academic Integrity. https://www.academicintegrity.eu/wp/glossary/

2. The University of Sydney. (2023). Academic dishonesty and plagiarism. The University of Sydney. https://www.sydney.edu.au/students/academic-dishonesty.html#collusion

• 原則上「單字中英文釋義」欄位的內容皆採用原文引用（即未經改寫），僅少部分內容有經微幅文字編輯。若欲對釋義內容有更深入的瞭解，敬請參考「資料來源」欄位所提供之原始出處的完整內容。
• 資料來源無編號：代表釋義內容出自同一筆來源。
• 資料來源有項目符號：代表釋義內容是引用多筆來源合寫而成。
• 資料來源有編號：代表該來源是相同編號之釋義內容的原始出處。